Accelerating Gallstone Dissolution

Accelerating gallstone dissolution.

The dissolution rates of cholesterol in model bile salt solutions are controlled by diffusion in slowly flowing bile and by interfacial kinetics in rapidly flowing bile. At low flow, dissolution varies with the square root of bile flow and can be predicted, a priori, from existing correlations of mass transfer. At high bile flow, dissolution is independent of bile flow and is probably dominated...

The present position concerning gallstone dissolution.

Accelerating The Dissolution of CO2 in Aquifers

Abstract Assessments of aquifer storage capacity and security have generally assumed that reservoir engineering would be limited to site selection and placement of the injection wells. In previous work we have shown that it is possible to accelerate the dissolution of CO2 in brines by active reservoir engineering achieved by pumping brines from regions where it is undersaturated into regions oc...

Gallstone Decalcification and Dissolution Using Chenodeoxycholate and Citrate

Gallstone dissolution may be possible only in selected patients. Patients with calcified or large gallstones are not suitable for dissolution. Citrate is normally present in bile and an oral citrate load can increase biliary citrate. A combination of chenodeoxycholic acid (C.D.C.A.) and citrate has been shown to dissolve calcified cholesterol gallstones in vitro. Patients with calcified or larg...

The effects of chenodiol on biliary lipids and their association with gallstone dissolution in the National Cooperative Gallstone Study (NCGS).

The National Cooperative Gallstone Study was a double-masked trial conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of chenodeoxycholic acid (chenodiol) for dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. Patients with radiolucent gallstones were randomly allocated to either a high dose (750 mg/d, n = 305) or low dose (375 mg/d, n = 306) of chenodiol or placebo (n = 305) administered for 2 yr. Specimens o...